Schilddrüsenknoten

Ist ein Schilddrüsenknoten gefährlich?

(1) WebMD, Picture of the Thyroid, https://www.webmd.com/women/picture-of-the-thyroid#1, 2020; (2) Cooper D.S. et al. Revised American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, THYROID, Volume 19, Number 11, 2009; (3) Kraft S., What are thyroid nodules?, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/185672, 2018; (4) Moore K., What You Should Know About Thyroid Nodules, https://www.healthline.com/health/thyroid-nodule, 2019; (5) Korkusuz H. et al., Local thyroid tissue ablation by high-intensity focused ultrasound: Effects on thyroid function and first human feasibility study with hot and cold thyroid nodules; International Journal of Hyperthermia, Volume 30, Issue 7, 2014; (6) MyThyroid.com, Thyroid Nodules, http://www.mythyroid.com/thyroidnodules.html, 2005; (7) Stöppler M.C., Hyperthyroidism, https://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthyroidism/article.htm, 2020

Kann ein Schilddrüsenknoten auch ohne OP entfernt werden?
(1) Kraft S., What are thyroid nodules?, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/185672, 2018; (2) Moore K., What You Should Know About Thyroid Nodules, https://www.healthline.com/health/thyroid-nodule, 2019; (3) Korkusuz H. et al., Local thyroid tissue ablation by high-intensity focused ultrasound: Effects on thyroid function and first human feasibility study with hot and cold thyroid nodules; International Journal of Hyperthermia, Volume 30, Issue 7, 2014; (4) Shada A.R. et al., Low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer: The need for selective treatment, Annals of Surgical Oncology volume 4, pages 328–333, 1997; (5) Giuffrida D. and Gharib H., Controversies in the management of cold, hot, and occult thyroid nodules, The American Journal of Medicine, Volume 99, Issue 6, 1995; (6) Thomas C.G. and Croom R.D., Current management of the patient with autonomously functioning nodular goiter, Surg Clin North Am. ;67(2):315-28, 1987; (7) RadiologyInfo.org, Radioactive Iodine (I-131) Therapy, https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=radioiodine, 2020; (8) British Thyroid Foundation, Treatment of an overactive or enlarged thyroid gland with radioactive iodine; https://www.btf-thyroid.org/treatment-of-an-over-active-or-enlarged-thyroid-gland-with-radioactive-iodine; 2019; (9) Kovatcheva R.D. and Zaletel K., High-intensity focused ultrasound for thyroid nodule ablation: the evidence to date; Reports in Medical Imaging, Volume 2017:10 Pages 9—16; 2017; (10) Lang B. et al.; Two-year efficacy of single-session high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of benign thyroid nodules; European Society of Radiology, 2018; (11) Lang B. et al; Single-session High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Treatment in Large-sized Benign Thyroid Nodules; Thyroid, 2017

Schilddrüsenknoten – was kann ich tun?

(1) Kraft S., What are thyroid nodules?, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/185672, 2018; (2) Welker M.J. et al., Thyroid Nodules, Am Fam Physician; 67(3):559-567. 2003; (3) Grosser A., Schilddrüsenknoten, https://www.netdoktor.de/symptome/schilddruesenknoten/, 2020; (4) Moore K., What You Should Know About Thyroid Nodules, https://www.healthline.com/health/thyroid-nodule, 2019; (5) Korkusuz H. et al., Local thyroid tissue ablation by high-intensity focused ultrasound: Effects on thyroid function and first human feasibility study with hot and cold thyroid nodules; International Journal of Hyperthermia, Volume 30, Issue 7, 2014; (6) Fichtl M., Radiojodtherapie, https://www.netdoktor.de/therapien/radiojodtherapie/, 2017; (7) Lang B. et al.; Two-year efficacy of single-session high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of benign thyroid nodules; European Society of Radiology, 2018; (8) Lang B. et al; Single-session High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Treatment in Large-sized Benign Thyroid Nodules; Thyroid, 2017; (9) Kovatcheva RD. et al.; High-intensity focused ultrasound for thyroid nodule ablation: the evidence to date; Reports in Medical Imaging. 2017

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Schilddrüsenknoten und Zysten?
(1) WebMD, Picture of the Thyroid, https://www.webmd.com/women/picture-of-the-thyroid#1, 2020; (2) Kraft S., What are thyroid nodules?, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/185672, 2018; (3) Cooper D.S. et al. Revised American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, THYROID, Volume 19, Number 11, 2009; (4) Castro M.R. and Gharib H., Thyroid nodules and cancer, When to wait and watch, when to refer; Postgraduate Medicine, Volume 107, Issue 1, 2000; (5) Grosser A., Schilddrüsenknoten, https://www.netdoktor.de/symptome/schilddruesenknoten/, 2020; (6) B. Lang et al.; Two sequential applications of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for large benign thyroid nodules; European Radiology, Jan 2019

Was sind Schilddrüsenknoten?
(1) WebMD, Picture of the Thyroid, https://www.webmd.com/women/picture-of-the-thyroid#1, 2020; (2) Kraft S., What are thyroid nodules?, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/185672, 2018; (3) Cooper D.S. et al. Revised American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, THYROID, Volume 19, Number 11, 2009; (4) Castro M.R. and Gharib H., Thyroid nodules and cancer, When to wait and watch, when to refer; Postgraduate Medicine, Volume 107, Issue 1, 2000; (5) Eszlinger M. et al, Thyroid Nodule, Chapter, Thyroid Diseases, pp.1-38, 2017; (6) Moore K., What You Should Know About Thyroid Nodules, https://www.healthline.com/health/thyroid-nodule, 2019; (7) MyThyroid.com, Thyroid Nodules, http://www.mythyroid.com/thyroidnodules.html, 2005; (8) Stöppler M.C., Hyperthyroidism, https://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthyroidism/article.htm, 2020; (9) Korkusuz H. et al., Local thyroid tissue ablation by high-intensity focused ultrasound: Effects on thyroid function and first human feasibility study with hot and cold thyroid nodules; International Journal of Hyperthermia, Volume 30, Issue 7, 2014

Welche Beschwerden treten bei Schilddrüsenknoten auf?
(1) Kraft S., What are thyroid nodules?, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/185672, 2018; (2) Castro M.R. and Gharib H., Thyroid nodules and cancer, When to wait and watch, when to refer; Postgraduate Medicine, Volume 107, Issue 1, 2000; (3) Eszlinger M. et al, Thyroid Nodule, Chapter, Thyroid Diseases, pp.1-38, 2017; (4) Moore K., What You Should Know About Thyroid Nodules, https://www.healthline.com/health/thyroid-nodule, 2019; (5) MyThyroid.com, Thyroid Nodules, http://www.mythyroid.com/thyroidnodules.html, 2005; (6) Stöppler M.C., Hyperthyroidism, https://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthyroidism/article.htm, 2020; (7) Grosser A., Schilddrüsenknoten, https://www.netdoktor.de/symptome/schilddruesenknoten/, 2020

Wie oft sollte ein Schilddrüsenknoten kontrolliert werden?
(1) Kraft S., What are thyroid nodules?, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/185672, 2018; (2) Fichtl M., Radiojodtherapie, https://www.netdoktor.de/therapien/radiojodtherapie/, 2017; (3) Moore K., What You Should Know About Thyroid Nodules, https://www.healthline.com/health/thyroid-nodule, 2019; (4) Korkusuz H. et al., Local thyroid tissue ablation by high-intensity focused ultrasound: Effects on thyroid function and first human feasibility study with hot and cold thyroid nodules; International Journal of Hyperthermia, Volume 30, Issue 7, 2014; (5) Netdoktor, Schilddrüse: Gutartige Knoten werden zu oft kontrolliert, https://www.netdoktor.de/news/schilddruese-gutartige-knoten-werden-zu-oft-kontrolliert/, 2015; (6) Lang B. et al.; Two-year efficacy of single-session high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of benign thyroid nodules; European Society of Radiology, 2018; (7) Lang B. et al; Single-session High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Treatment in Large-sized Benign Thyroid Nodules; Thyroid, 2017; (8) Kovatcheva RD. et al.; High-intensity focused ultrasound for thyroid nodule ablation: the evidence to date; Reports in Medical Imaging. 2017

Wie und warum entstehen Schilddrüsenknoten?
(1) Cooper D.S. et al. Revised American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, THYROID, Volume 19, Number 11, 2009; (2) Kraft S., What are thyroid nodules?, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/185672, 2018; (3) NHS, Causes: Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/overactive-thyroid-hyperthyroidism/causes/, 2019; (4) Castro M.R. and Gharib H., Thyroid nodules and cancer, When to wait and watch, when to refer; Postgraduate Medicine, Volume 107, Issue 1, 2000; (5) British Thyroid Foundation, Thyroid nodules and swellings, https://www.btf-thyroid.org/thyroid-nodules-and-swellingsleaflet, 2018

Fibroadenome

Bereiten Fibroadenome Schmerzen?

(1) NHS, Breast Lumps, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-lump/, 2017; (2) John Hopkins Medicine, Common Benign Lumps, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-benign-lumps, 2020; (3) Breast Cancer Now, Fibroadenoma, https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/have-i-got-breast-cancer/benign-breast-conditions/fibroadenoma, 2020; (4) Cerrato F. and Labow B.I., Diagnosis and Management of Fibroadenomas in the Adolescent Breast, Semin Plast Surg. 27(1): 23–25, 2013; (5) NHS, Breast pain, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-pain/, 2017

Fibroadenom – was kann ich tun?
(1) NHS, Breast Lumps, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-lump/, 2017; (2) John Hopkins Medicine, Common Benign Lumps, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-benign-lumps, 2020; (3) Breast Cancer Now, Fibroadenoma, https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/have-i-got-breast-cancer/benign-breast-conditions/fibroadenoma, 2020; (4) Schwarz R., Fibroadenom, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/fibroadenom/; 2016; (5) R. Kovatcheva et al.; Long-term efficacy of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of breast fibroadenoma; Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound; 2017

Gibt es genetische Neigungen zu Fibroadenomen?
(1) NHS, Breast Lumps, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-lump/, 2017; (2) John Hopkins Medicine, Common Benign Lumps, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-benign-lumps, 2020; (3) Stony Brook Cancer Center, Different Kinds of Breast Lumps, https://cancer.stonybrookmedicine.edu/breast-cancer-team/patients/bse/breastlumps, 2020; (4) Breast Cancer Now, Fibroadenoma, https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/have-i-got-breast-cancer/benign-breast-conditions/fibroadenoma, 2020; (5) WebMD, Fibroadenoma, https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/what-are-fibroadenomas#2, 2020; (6) Shalaby A. et al, Fibroadenoma of the Breast in an Identical Twin, Annals of Clinical Case Reports, Vol 4, Article, 1732, 2019; (7) Lim W.K et al., Exome sequencing identifies highly recurrent MED12 somatic mutations in breast fibroadenoma, Nature Genetics, Volume 46, pages 877–880, 2014; (8) Chintamani et al., Carcinoma developing in a fibroadenoma in a woman with a family history of breast cancer: a case report and review of literature, Cases Journal, Volume 2, Article 9348; 2009; (9) Dupont W.D. et al, Long-Term Risk of Breast Cancer in Women with Fibroadenoma, N Engl J Med 1994; 331:10-15, 1994

Kann ein Fibroadenom ohne OP entfernt werden?
(1) NHS, Breast Lumps, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-lump/, 2017; (2) John Hopkins Medicine, Common Benign Lumps, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-benign-lumps, 2020; (3) Breast Cancer Now, Fibroadenoma, https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/have-i-got-breast-cancer/benign-breast-conditions/fibroadenoma, 2020; (4) Schwarz R., Fibroadenom, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/fibroadenom/; 2016; (5) R. Kovatcheva et al.; Long-term efficacy of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of breast fibroadenoma; Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound; 2017

Muss ein Fibroadenom entfernt werden oder nicht?
(1) NHS, Breast Lumps, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-lump/, 2017; (2) John Hopkins Medicine, Common Benign Lumps, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-benign-lumps, 2020; (3) Breast Cancer Now, Fibroadenoma, https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/have-i-got-breast-cancer/benign-breast-conditions/fibroadenoma, 2020; (4) Karagulle E. et al, Giant Fibroadenoma Growing Rapidly During Pregnancy, Iran Red Crescent Med J.; 16(8): e9531. 2014; (5) Schwarz R., Fibroadenom, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/fibroadenom/; 2016; (6) R. Kovatcheva et al.; Long-term efficacy of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of breast fibroadenoma; Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound; 2017

Sind Fibroadenome in der Schwangerschaft üblich?
(1) Karagulle E. et al, Giant Fibroadenoma Growing Rapidly During Pregnancy, Iran Red Crescent Med J.; 16(8): e9531. 2014; (2) Schwarz R., Fibroadenom, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/fibroadenom/; 2016; (3) Xanos E.T et al., Pregnancy-related fibroadenoma of ectopic breast tissue in the vulva, Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease, 1(3):182-184, 1997

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen einem Fibroadenom und Brustkrebs (bösartigen Tumor)?
(1) NHS, Breast Lumps, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-lump/, 2017; (2) John Hopkins Medicine, Common Benign Lumps, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-benign-lumps, 2020; (3) Stony Brook Cancer Center, Different Kinds of Breast Lumps, https://cancer.stonybrookmedicine.edu/breast-cancer-team/patients/bse/breastlumps, 2020; (4) Breast Cancer Now, Fibroadenoma, https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/have-i-got-breast-cancer/benign-breast-conditions/fibroadenoma, 2020; (5) NHS, Overview: Breast cancer in women, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer/, 2017

Was ist ein Fibroadenom?
(1) NHS, Breast Lumps, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-lump/, 2017; (2) John Hopkins Medicine, Common Benign Lumps, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-benign-lumps, 2020; (3) Stony Brook Cancer Center, Different Kinds of Breast Lumps, https://cancer.stonybrookmedicine.edu/breast-cancer-team/patients/bse/breastlumps, 2020; (4) Breast Cancer Now, Fibroadenoma, https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/have-i-got-breast-cancer/benign-breast-conditions/fibroadenoma, 2020; (5) American Cancer Society, Fibroadenomas of the breast; https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/fibroadenomas-of-the-breast.html; 2020

Wie entstehen Fibroadenome?
(1) Breast Cancer Now, Fibroadenoma, https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/have-i-got-breast-cancer/benign-breast-conditions/fibroadenoma, 2020; (2) John Hopkins Medicine, Common Benign Lumps, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-benign-lumps, 2020; (3) Ajmal M. and Van Fossen K., Breast Fibroadenoma, Review from StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2018; (4) Halls, Fibroadenoma of the breast, https://breast-cancer.ca/fibro-noma/, 2019; (5) Stony Brook Cancer Center, Different Kinds of Breast Lumps, https://cancer.stonybrookmedicine.edu/breast-cancer-team/patients/bse/breastlumps, 2020

Krampfadern

Entstehen Krampfadern durch Sport?

(1) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (2) Anwar M.A. et al., A Review of Familial, Genetic, and Congenital Aspects of Primary Varicose Vein Disease, Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics.;5:460–466, 2012; (3) Laurikka J.O. et al, Risk indicators for varicose veins in forty- to sixty-year-olds in the tampere varicose vein study, World Journal of Surgery volume 26, pages648–651, 2002; (4) Krysa J. et al., Evidence for a genetic role in varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency; Phlebology 27(7), 2012; (5) Chatard H., Positive aspects of the practice of sports from the standpoint of phlebology; Phlebologie, 33(3):479-484, 1980; (6) Netzer F., Gibt es Sportarten, die den Venen schaden?, https://www.jameda.de/gesundheit/frauen-schwangerschaft/sportarten-venenschaden/, 2012; (7) Venenliga, Es gibt Sportarten die Krampfadern lindern können, https://www.venenliga.de/index.php/presse/pressemitteilungen/376-es-gibt-sportarten-die-krampfadern-lindern-koennen, 2020

Gibt es Krampfadern die man nicht sieht?
(1) Whiteley M, What exactly are Varicose Veins?, Whiteley clinic, www.thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/varicose-veins-treatment/what-are-varicose-veins, 2020; (2) Schwarz J. and Fux C., Krampfadern, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/krampfadern/, 2018; (3) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (4) Chaloner E., Obesity and Varicose Veins – the Hidden Problem, https://tinyurl.com/tcvv8d2, 2014

In welchem Alter entwickeln sich Krampfadern?
(1) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (2) Thaler E. et al. Compression stockings prophylaxis of emergent varicose veins in pregnancy: a prospective randomised controlled study; SWISS MED WKLY;131:659–662; 2001; (3) MedicineNet, Varicose Veins and Spider Veins, https://www.medicinenet.com/varicose_veins/article.htm; 2020; (4) Abramson J.H. et al, The epidemiology of varicose veins. A survey in western Jerusalem; Journal of epidemiology & community health, Vol 35, Issue 3, 1981; (5) Caggiati A. et al. Age-related variations of varicose veins anatomy, J Vasc Surg.;44(6):1291-5, 2006; (6) Evans C.J. et al. Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study; Journal of epidemiology & community health, Vol 53, Issue 3, 1999; (7) VascularCURES, What is Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)?, https://vascularcures.org/chronic-venous-insufficiency/; 2020; (8) Callam M.J.; Epidemiology of varicose veins; British Journal of Surgery, Volume 81, Issue 2, 1994; (9) Laurikka J.O. et al, Risk indicators for varicose veins in forty- to sixty-year-olds in the tampere varicose vein study, World Journal of Surgery volume 26, pages648–651, 2002

Krampfadern – welcher Arzt ist zuständig?
(1) Schwarz J. and Fux C., Krampfadern, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/krampfadern/, 2018; (2) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (3) praktischArzt, Hautarzt: Facharzt für Dermatologie – Aufgaben, Ausbildung, Gehalt, https://www.praktischarzt.de/arzt/facharztrichtungen/hautarzt-dermatologie/, 2020; (4) Laurikka J.O. et al, Risk indicators for varicose veins in forty- to sixty-year-olds in the tampere varicose vein study, World Journal of Surgery volume 26, pages648–651, 2002

Sind Krampfadern gefährlich?
(1) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (2) Bokhari S., Early Symptoms and Warning Signs of Varicose Veins, https://www.acvcare.com/blog/early-symptoms-and-warning-signs-of-varicose-veins, 2020; (3) Caggiati A. et al. Age-related variations of varicose veins anatomy, J Vasc Surg.;44(6):1291-5, 2006; (4) Kurz X. et al., Do varicose veins affect quality of life? Results of an international population-based study, Journal of Vascular Surgery, Volume 34, Issue 4, 2001; (5) Your.MD, Venous leg ulcers, https://www.your.md/condition/leg-ulcer-venous, 2020

Sind Krampfadern schmerzhaft?
(1) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (2) Bokhari S., Early Symptoms and Warning Signs of Varicose Veins, https://www.acvcare.com/blog/early-symptoms-and-warning-signs-of-varicose-veins, 2020; (3) Stöppler M.C., Leg Pain: Symptoms & Signs, https://www.medicinenet.com/leg_pain/symptoms.htm, 2020; (4) Brazier Y., What to know about diabetic neuropathy, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/245310, 2019; (5) Christiano D., Why Do My Legs Feel Heavy and How Can I Get Relief?, https://www.healthline.com/health/heavy-legs#causes, 2017; (6) Johnson J., What causes heavy aching legs?, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321670, 2018; (7) Delgado A. and Holland K., Everything You Want to Know About Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), https://www.healthline.com/health/deep-venous-thrombosis, 2018; (8) Eustice C., What You Should Know About Leg Pain, https://www.verywellhealth.com/leg-pain-what-you-should-know-189983, 2020; (9) John Hopkins Medicine, Chronic Venous Insufficiency, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/chronic-venous-insufficiency, 2020; (10) Eberhardt R.T. et al. Chronic Venous Insufficiency, Circulation, 111:2398–2409, 2005; (11) Your.MD, Venous leg ulcers, https://www.your.md/condition/leg-ulcer-venous, 2020; (12) Caggiati A. et al. Age-related variations of varicose veins anatomy, J Vasc Surg.;44(6):1291-5, 2006

Warum bekommt man Krampfadern an den Beinen?
(1) John Hopkins Medicine, Chronic Venous Insufficiency, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/chronic-venous-insufficiency, 2020; (2) Eberhardt R.T. et al. Chronic Venous Insufficiency, Circulation, 111:2398–2409, 2005; (3) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (4) Ruckley C.V. et al., Telangiectasia in the Edinburgh Vein Study: Epidemiology and Association with Trunk Varices and Symptoms, European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery; Volume 36, Issue 6, 2008; (5) Whiteley M, What are Thread Veins (Spider Veins)?, Whiteley clinic, www.thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/conditions/thread-veins, 2020

Warum entwickeln sich Krampfadern in der Schwangerschaft?
(1) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (2) Bamigboye A.A. and Smyth R., Interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2007; (3) Laurikka J.O. et al, Risk indicators for varicose veins in forty- to sixty-year-olds in the tampere varicose vein study, World Journal of Surgery volume 26, pages648–651, 2002; (4) Thaler E. et al. Compression stockings prophylaxis of emergent varicose veins in pregnancy: a prospective randomised controlled study; SWISS MED WKLY;131:659–662; 2001; (5) American Pregnancy Association, Treating Varicose Veins Naturally During Pregnancy; https://americanpregnancy.org/naturally/treating-varicose-veins-naturally-during-pregnancy/; 2020; (6) Robert A, and Nabatoff M.D., Varicose Veins of Pregnancy; JAMA.;174(13):1712-1716, 1960; (7) KidsHealth, Why Do Some Pregnant Women Get Varicose Veins?; https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/veins.html; 2020

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Krampfadern und Besenreisern?
(1) Whiteley M, What exactly are Varicose Veins?, Whiteley clinic, www.thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/varicose-veins-treatment/what-are-varicose-veins, 2020; (2) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (3) Ruckley C.V. et al., Telangiectasia in the Edinburgh Vein Study: Epidemiology and Association with Trunk Varices and Symptoms, European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery; Volume 36, Issue 6, 2008; (4) Whiteley M, What are Thread Veins (Spider Veins)?, Whiteley clinic, www.thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/conditions/thread-veins, 2020

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Krampfadern und Thrombose?
(1) Whiteley M, What exactly are Varicose Veins?, Whiteley clinic, www.thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/varicose-veins-treatment/what-are-varicose-veins, 2020; (2) Schwarz J. and Fux C., Krampfadern, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/krampfadern/, 2018; (3) Richter J., Thrombose, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/thrombose/, 2017; (4) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017

Was sind Krampfadern?
(1) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (2) Whiteley M, What exactly are Varicose Veins?, Whiteley clinic, www.thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/varicose-veins-treatment/what-are-varicose-veins, 2020; (3) Thaler E. et al. Compression stockings prophylaxis of emergent varicose veins in pregnancy: a prospective randomised controlled study; SWISS MED WKLY;131:659–662; 2001; (4) Callam M.J.; Epidemiology of varicose veins; British Journal of Surgery, Volume 81, Issue 2, 1994; (5) Caggiati A. et al. Age-related variations of varicose veins anatomy, J Vasc Surg.;44(6):1291-5, 2006

Welche Beschwerden verursachen Krampfadern?
(1) John Hopkins Medicine, Chronic Venous Insufficiency, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/chronic-venous-insufficiency, 2020; (2) Eberhardt R.T. et al. Chronic Venous Insufficiency, Circulation, 111:2398–2409, 2005; (3) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (4) Bokhari S., Early Symptoms and Warning Signs of Varicose Veins, https://www.acvcare.com/blog/early-symptoms-and-warning-signs-of-varicose-veins, 2020; (5) Whiteley M, What are Thread Veins (Spider Veins)?, Whiteley clinic, www.thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/conditions/thread-veins, 2020; (6) Ruckley C.V. et al., Telangiectasia in the Edinburgh Vein Study: Epidemiology and Association with Trunk Varices and Symptoms, European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery; Volume 36, Issue 6, 2008; (7) Caggiati A. et al. Age-related variations of varicose veins anatomy, J Vasc Surg.;44(6):1291-5, 2006; (8) Kurz X. et al., Do varicose veins affect quality of life? Results of an international population-based study, Journal of Vascular Surgery, Volume 34, Issue 4, 2001; (9) Your.MD, Venous leg ulcers, https://www.your.md/condition/leg-ulcer-venous, 2020

Wie kann ich Krampfadern zu Hause behandeln?
(1) John Hopkins Medicine, Chronic Venous Insufficiency, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/chronic-venous-insufficiency, 2020; (2) Eberhardt R.T. et al. Chronic Venous Insufficiency, Circulation, 111:2398–2409, 2005; (3) Venenliga, Es gibt Sportarten die Krampfadern lindern können, https://www.venenliga.de/index.php/presse/pressemitteilungen/376-es-gibt-sportarten-die-krampfadern-lindern-koennen, 2020; (4) Cadman B., Home remedies for varicose veins, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321703, 2020

Wie kann man Krampfadern erkennen?
(1) Thaler E. et al. Compression stockings prophylaxis of emergent varicose veins in pregnancy: a prospective randomised controlled study; SWISS MED WKLY;131:659–662; 2001; (2) Callam M.J.; Epidemiology of varicose veins; British Journal of Surgery, Volume 81, Issue 2, 1994; (3) Whiteley M, What exactly are Varicose Veins?, Whiteley clinic, www.thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/varicose-veins-treatment/what-are-varicose-veins, 2020; (4) Schwarz J. and Fux C., Krampfadern, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/krampfadern/, 2018; (5) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (6) Bokhari S., Early Symptoms and Warning Signs of Varicose Veins, https://www.acvcare.com/blog/early-symptoms-and-warning-signs-of-varicose-veins, 2020

Wie kann man Krampfadern ohne OP und Narkose entfernen?
(1) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (2) Worthington-Kirsch R.L., Injection Sclerotherapy, Semin Intervent Radiol.; 22(3): 209–217. 2005; (3) Whiteley M, Highly Effective Treatment For Varicose Veins, Whiteley clinic, https://thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/varicose-veins-treatment/, 2020; (4) InformedHealth.org, What can be done about varicose veins, and when is surgery considered?, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279246/, 2019; (5) NHS, Treatment Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/treatment/, 2017; (6) Whiteley M, Venaseal™, Whiteley clinic, https://thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/procedures/venaseal/, 2020; (7) Whiteley M, Clarivein – Mechanochemical Ablation (MOCA), Whiteley clinic, https://thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/procedures/clarivein-mechanochemical-ablation-moca/, 2020

Wie kann man Krampfadern vorbeugen?
(1) Schwarz J. and Fux C., Krampfadern, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/krampfadern/, 2018; (2) Abramson J.H. et al, The epidemiology of varicose veins. A survey in western Jerusalem; Journal of epidemiology & community health, Vol 35, Issue 3, 1981; (3) Caggiati A. et al. Age-related variations of varicose veins anatomy, J Vasc Surg.;44(6):1291-5, 2006; (4) Evans C.J. et al. Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study; Journal of epidemiology & community health, Vol 53, Issue 3, 1999; (5) American Pregnancy Association, Treating Varicose Veins Naturally During Pregnancy; https://americanpregnancy.org/naturally/treating-varicose-veins-naturally-during-pregnancy/; 2020; (6) Tüchsen F. et al. Standing at work and varicose veins. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 26(5):414-420, 2000; (7) Tüchsen F. et al. Prolonged standing at work and hospitalisation due to varicose veins: a 12 year prospective study of the Danish population; Occup Environ Med;62:847–850., 2005; (8) van Rij A.M. et al, Obesity and Impaired Venous Function, European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Volume 35, Issue 6, 2008; (9) Brand F.N. et al, The Epidemiology of Varicose Veins: The Framingham Study, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 96-101, 1988

Wo können Krampfadern auftreten?
(1) Whiteley M, What exactly are Varicose Veins?, Whiteley clinic, www.thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/varicose-veins-treatment/what-are-varicose-veins, 2020; (2) Schwarz J. and Fux C., Krampfadern, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/krampfadern/, 2018; (3) Callam M.J.; Epidemiology of varicose veins; British Journal of Surgery, Volume 81, Issue 2, 1994; (4) Evans C.J. et al. Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study; Journal of epidemiology & community health, Vol 53, Issue 3, 1999; (5) NHS, Overview Varicose veins, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-veins/, 2017; (6) Müller M. and Feichter M., Ösophagusvarizen, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/leberzirrhose/oesophagusvarizen/, 2018; (7) Gödel C., Varikozele, https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/varikozele/, 2016

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